按图索骥
| 08年06月01日 | |
| 标签 : | 成语故事 |
In ancient China, there was a man named Sun Yang who was an expert at appraising horses. With one glance, he could tell whether a horse was good or bad. He was often requested to judge horses and select the best ones. Because it was said that the god Bo Le was responsible for horses, many people called Sun Yang Bo Le.
One time, when Bo Le was walking along the road, he saw a horse pulling a cart of salt. The horse cried out to him, and when he approached it, it was apparent that this was a swift horse. Bo Le thought it must be humiliating for such a fine horse to have to pull a salt cart. This horse could have been used on the battlefield for much greater things, rather than being condemned to obscurity, doing the work that ordinary horses do. The horse’s strength and spirit was slowly draining away. “It’s a great pity!” Bo Le sighed. He was so grieved that he shed tears. When the horse saw that Bo Le had noticed its predicament, it raised its head and cried out loudly. The sound was very solemn and stirring.
In order to teach more people how to appraise horses and to keep more horses from ending up in the same predicament as the horse he saw, Bo Le drew on all his years of knowledge and experience of judging horses and wrote a book. In his book, he explained many characteristics of excellent horses and drew many illustrations. The name of the book is Rules for Judging Horses.
Bo Le had a son who was not very intelligent. After the son read his father’s book, he thought he had learned all his father’s skills and believed it was easy to appraise horses. He read from the Rules for Judging Horses, “The main characteristics of an excellent horse are a high forehead, large eyes, and well-shaped round hooves.” He learned these rules by heart, and went out with the book to look for the finest horses.
One day, he saw a toad by the roadside, so he caught it and went back to tell his father: “I found an excellent horse. Look, its head and eyes are just the same as you described in the book. Only the hooves are not much like you described.
When Bo Le saw the toad in his son’s hands, he was very angry but also thought the situation was rather humorous. He said with a laugh, “This horse likes to jump; there is no way we can ride it!”
“Looking for a horse according to a book:” means judging something only based on a description. The first meaning is using instructions or a description to find something or figure something out; the second meaning is being inflexible, rigidly following instructions literally without thinking about what is actually meant. For example, we should learn from foreign countries because of their advanced experience, but we shouldn’t look for a horse according to the book. We should learn, but we shouldn’t copy.
翻译:
中国古代有个叫孙阳的相马专家，他一眼就能看出马的好坏。因此他常常被人请去识马、选马。因为传说伯乐是天上负责管理马匹的神，所以人们都把孙阳叫伯乐。
有一次，伯乐路过一个地方，忽见一匹拖着盐车的马冲他叫个不停，走近一看，原来是匹千里马。他觉得太委屈了这匹千里马，它本是可以奔跑于疆场，发挥更大作用的宝马，现在却默默无闻地干着普通的马都可以干的工作，慢慢地消耗着它的体力和锐气，实在可惜！伯乐想到这里，难过地落下泪来。马儿见伯乐了解它，就仰起头来狂叫，声音非常悲壮。
为了让更多的人学会相马，使千里马不再被埋没，伯乐把自己多年积累的识别千里马的知识和经验写成了一本书，书中写了各种各样的千里马的特征，并画了不少插图，这本书的名字叫《相马经》。
伯乐有个儿子，据说很不聪明，资质很差。看了父亲写的《相马经》，以为学到了父亲的本领，以为相马很容易，他看到《相马经》上说，“千里马的主要特征是：高脑门，大眼睛，蹄子像摞起来的酒曲块。”于是他把这几条记住了，就拿着这本书出去到处找好马。
一天， 他在路边看到一只癞蛤蟆，忙捉回去告诉他父亲说：“我找到了一匹好马。您瞧，它的额头和眼睛都和您书上说的差不多，就是蹄子不大一样。”
伯乐看到儿子手里的癞蛤蟆，不由地感到又可气又好笑，幽默地说：“这马爱跳，没办法骑呀!”
按图索骥：按照画像去寻找好马。比喻按线索寻找，也比喻机械地按照书本知识去做事，不懂得变通。索：寻找。骥：好马。例如：我们要学习外国的先进经验，但不可按图索骥，照搬照抄。
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